Caffeine Nation – Innovations and trends that shaped your ancestors’ lives by David A. Fryxell
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 10, Issue 6, Nov 2009, pp 12-14
Cajuns - “Cajuns” and Neo-Ethnicity: Concerns of an Acadian-American Genealogist
by Winston De Ville, FASG
“NGSQ” Vol 89, No. 1, March 2001, pp 51-57
Cajuns - Clarence's index of Louisiana Cajun Genealogy web sites
http://www.cajunradio.org/genealogy.html
Cajuns - genealogy, history and culture - http://www.thecajuns.com/
Cajuns - Acadian, Cajun & Creole - http://www.cyndislist.com/acadian.htm
Cajun - ABOUT VIVE LA CAJUN - genealogy information sources to give you a head start on your quest, "joy of life" of the Cajun Bayou country
Calculator - Calculator for Days Between
www.easycalculation.com/days-between-dates.php
Calculator - The Inflation Calculator http://www.westegg.com/inflation
“Questing Heirs,” Vol 39, No 11., Nov 2006, p 87
Calendar Conundrums - Save the Dates by Nick D’Alto- Remedy genealogical calendar confusion with these 19 easy tools that convert historical dates, calculate birthdays, plot ancestors’ lives and more.
Family Tree Magazine, Vol. 8, Issue 5, November 2007, pp 42-45
Calendar - The Church Year Calendar by Jean Nepsund
German-American Genealogy, Immigrant Gen. Soc., Fall 2006, p 18
Calling Cards—Calling Cards in the Military Services by Virginia Irene Walker
“Keyhole,” vol. 37, no. 3, July 2008, summer issue, pp 109-110
Cameras -- Gadget guide – tool to help find your ancestors
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 11, issue 2, March 2010, p 55
Cameras -- digital camera—Turn your digital camera into a handy research tool! Our
genealogist’s guide to digital photography offers tips on taking 5 kinds of family history
photos.—by Maureen A. Taylor
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 12, Issue 2, March 2011, pp 24-29
Canon Law - the 1917 Code of Canon Law: A Resource for Understanding Catholic Church Registers - by George L. Findlen
“NGSQ” - Volume 93, No. 2, June 2005, pp 126-147
Caribbean - Ancestors of the Caribbean - The legend is true: Untold ancestral riches are buried
deep beneath these islands’ magnificent beaches and dense forests. Let our guide be the
key to unlocking your family’s Caribbean past. By David A. Fryxell
“Family Tree Magazine” Vol 9, Issue 1, January 2008, pp 58-65
Carpenter - Zimmerer–Carpenter, Assignment in Bavaria 1951-1953
“German-American Genealogy” Spring 2006. pp 7-8
Case study - Internet use - I always come back to Grandpa - Al Henderson hunts for more information about his grandfather, Edwirt Bruce Henderson
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol. 2, No. 4, October/November 2007, pp 1520
Case study - Lisa A. Alzo documents how she found her elusive great-aunt
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol. 2, No. 5, December/January 2008, pp 16-19
Case study—When Down and Out is a Good Thing – Joy of descendancy research –
“Ancestry Magazine,” vol. 27, no. 6, Nov/Dec 2009, pp 48-51
Castle Gardens - One-Step search utilities help you find immigrants to New York City by Lauren Eisenstodt, 2 web sites www.castlegarden.org Or www.stevemorse.org//ellis/cg.html Also a browser www.stevemorse.org/ellis/cgbrowse.html
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 7, Issue 1, February 2006, p 76
Castle Gardens - Ellis Island: What’s Myth, What’s Reality - John Philip Colletta, Ph.D., describes the history of immigration through New York
“Family Chronicle” July/August 2003, pp 9-15
Castle Gardens - Not-So-Secret Garden by Diane Haddad - A new database makes it easier than ever to find Castle Garden immigrants
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 6, Issue 6, December 2005, pp 8-9
Castle Gardens – Voices of Our Ancestors: Castle Garden Online – Tony Bandy checks out the
online resources for New York’s immigrant station.
“Internet Genealogy,” Vo. 4, No. 2, June/July 2009, pp 46-47
Castle Gardens, Wisc..a place immigrants could stay until they were able to move on
by Peggy Knudsen Lee
“The Searcher” So. Cal Gen newsletter - May/June 2003, Vol 40, No. 3, pp 160
Catalog your own books—LibraryThing.com by Birdie Monk Holsclaw, CG
NGS NewsMagazine, Vol 32, No. 3, Jul/Aug/Sept 2006, pp 52-54
Catalogs, Libraries – Having a hard time finding genealogy answers in libraries? Our 5-point
plan helps you use library catalogs to home in on the resources you need. By Rick Crume
“Family Tree Magazine, Vol. 10, Issue 2, March 2009, pp 42-47
Cavalry Bureau—If your ancestor worked for the Calvary Bureau, you may find him in National
Archives record groups 108.4
<archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/108.html>. Five linear feet of records
cover 1863-1866.
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 12, issue 7, Dec 2011, p 59
CCC -- Young men and the CCC by Ann Carter Fleming CG CGL
Available records -
“NGS NewsMagazine” Vol. 31, No. 2, Apr/May/Jun 2005, pp 8-12
CCC – (Civilian Conservation Corps) – When grandpa went green! Jacqueline Wisner shows
how to find roots in the Civilian Conservation Corps.
“Family Chronicle,” Vol. 13, No. 1, Sep/Oct 2008, pp 28-29
CCC—Civilian Conservation Corps Records are kept in the National Personnel Records Center in St. Louis, Missouri, which is a branch of the US National Archives www.archives.gov/st-louis/
CCC— www.cccalumni.org
CD/DVD Archival Media -
“Questing Heirs News” - Vol 40, No. 1, Jan 2007, p 7
CD-Rom - Reviews - Computer Helpers - Guidance for the Digital Age by Leland K. Meitzler
Everton’s Genealogical Helper, Vol 61, No. II, March/April 2007, pp 54-57
CD-Rom - Reviews - Computer Helpers - by Leland K. Meitzler
“Everton’s Genealogical Helper,” Vol. 62, No. 1, Jan/Feb 2008, pp 86-88
CD-Rom - Reviews - Computer Helpers - by Leland K. Meitzler
“Everton’s Genealogical Helper,” Vol. 62, No. 2, Mar/Apr 2008, pp 72-76
CD-ROM reviews -by Paul Milner
“Forum” Vol 19, No. 1, Spring 2007, pp 31-32
“Forum,” Vol. 19, No. 3, Fall 2007, pp 36-37
Celebrations - Customary Celebrations - book reviews on ancestors’ traditions
Family Tree Magazine, Vol.8, Issue 5, November 2007, p 61
Cemeteries - Beyond the Graveyard by Ruby Coleman
“Heritage Quest,” Vol 16, No. 2, Issue 86, Mar/Apr 2000, pp 28-31
Cemeteries—Blog-- http://agravecuriosity.com/
Cemeteries—Cemetery Conservation—Best Practice Recommendations for Cleaning Government-
Issued
Marble Headstones
http://www.ncptt.nps.gov/category/training/cemetery-monument-conservation-materials-research/
Cemeteries—Cemetery Conservation & Tombstone care
http://www.progenealogists.com/tombstonecare.htm
http://www.gravestonepreservation.info/
www.everlifememorials.com/v/headstones/cleaning-cemetery-tombstones.htm
Cemeteries—Church cemeteries—Historically, church cemeteries were the most common place to
bury loved ones. Until the end of the 1800s, most deceased persons would be buried within
their church’s cemetery. Church cemeteries are typically located adjacent to the church that
owns it, but occasionally may be at a separate location. Burial records may be located at the
church or a local university; however, they are often moved with the minister, and therefore
may be difficult to find.
Cemeteries – El Cajon Cemetery, San Diego Genealogical Society published a 311 page book
of burials – cost $29.95
Cemeteries—Family cemeteries—Family (or private) cemeteries are typically a thing of the past,
but during pioneer days, these cemeteries were often used when the town or church had not
yet established a public cemetery. These cemeteries were often placed in a quiet location, along
the border of the family’s property. It was not uncommon that several neighboring families
would be furied in the same location. Locating burial records for ancestors who were put to rest
within a family cemetery can be quite difficult. Proper documentation may not have been kept,
or could have become lost to time as the family died off or moved to other locations. Records
for family cemetery burials are sometimes donated to the town’s historical society or library, or
they may have been handed down within the family.
Cemeteries - Finding the final resting place - by Gary M. Smith & Diana Crisman Smith
“NGS NewsMagazine” Vol. 32, No. 2, Apr/May/Jun, pp 44-46
Cemeteries –Finding the final resting place – If the family is known to have migrated to another
area of the state or to a nearby state, it is possible that they might be buried in either place,
although more likely that they are actually buried in the place they last resided. It is not
uncommon, however, to find a gravestone or monument in a family plot detailing the
death of someone who is not actually buried there, therefore you’ll have to go to the actual
records of both cemeteries. Don’t overlook the possibility they might be buried in yet a
cemetery other than the ones there is a monument.
Cemeteries – Green Cemeteries – According to Donna Potter Phillips, even our ancestors were
environmentally friendly!
“Family Chronicle,” Vol. 13, No. 4, March/April, p 16
Cemeteries—History Heaven, an author shares his passion for a pioneer among cemeteries.
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 11, issue 6, September 2010, p 10
The rural cemetery clearly satisfied the values and needs of many people; yet a significant segment of the population found this gravescape too ornate, too sentimental, too individualized, and too expensive. Even Andrew Jackson Downing, who had long been a proponent of the rural cemetery, publicly lamented that the natural beauty of the rural cemetery was severely diminished "by the most violent bad taste; we mean the hideous ironmongery, which [rural cemeteries] all more or less display. . . . Fantastic conceits and gimeracks in iron might be pardonable as adornments of the balustrade of a circus or a temple of Comus," he continued, "but how reasonable beings can tolerate them as inclosures to the quiet grave of a family, and in such scenes of sylvan beauty, is mountain high above our comprehension" (Downing 1974, p. 156).
Largely in response to these criticisms, in 1855 the owners of Cincinnati's Spring Grove Cemetery instructed their superintendent, Adolph Strauch, to remove many of the features included when John Notman initially designed Spring Grove as a rural cemetery. In redesigning the cemetery, however, Strauch not only eliminated features typically associated with rural cemeteries, he also created a new cemeterial form that specifically reflected and articulated a very different set of needs and values.
In many ways what Strauch created and what lawn cemeteries have become is a matter of absence rather than of presence. The absence of raised mounds, ornate entrance gates, individualized gardens, iron fencing, vertical markers, works of art dedicated to specific patrons, freedom of expression in erecting and decorating individual or family plots, and cooperative ownership through patronage produces a space that disassociates itself not only from previous traditions but also from death itself. This is not to say that lawn cemeteries are devoid of ornamentation, as they often contain a variety of ornamental features. Nevertheless, as one early advocate remarked, lawn cemeteries seek to eliminate "all things that suggest death, sorrow, or pain" (Farrell 1980, p. 120).
Rather than a gravescape designed to remind the living of their need to prepare for death or a gravescape crafted into a sylvan scene calculated to allow mourners and others to deal with their loss homeopathically, the lawn cemetery provides visitors with an unimpeded view. Its primary characteristics include efficiency, centralized management, markers that are either flush with or depressed into the ground, and explicit rules and regulations.
Yet to patrons the lawn cemetery affords several distinct advantages. First, it provides visitors with an open vista, unobstructed by fences, memorials, and trees. Second, it allows cemetery superintendents to make the most efficient use of the land in the cemetery because available land is generally laid out in a grid so that no areas fail to come under a general plan. Third, by eliminating fences, hedges, trees, and other things associated with the rural cemetery and by requiring markers to be small enough to be level or nearly level with the ground, this gravescape does not appear to be a gravescape at all.
Although lawn cemeteries did not capture people's imaginations as the rural cemetery had in the mid–nineteenth century, they did rapidly increase in number. As of the twenty-first century they are considered among the most common kind of gravescape in the United States.
Cemeteries – Life Lessons Learned in the Cemetery. Beverly Smith Vorpahl waxes poetic about
Death, dying and genealogy.
“Family Chronicle,” Vol. 13, No. 1, Sep/Oct 2008, pp 23-24
Cemeteries – Military Burials and Memorials – www.cem.va.gov/CEM/index.asp
Cemeteries—Military Cemeteries Overseas—by Donna Potter Phillips
“Everton’s Genealogical Helper,” vol. 62, no. 4, Jul/Aug 2008, pp 62-64
Cemeteries—Military—American Battle Monuments Commission -- search for US war dead buried
in 24 overseas cemeteries, as well as more than 94,000 military commemorated on Tablets of the
Missing. http://www.abmc.gov/home.php
Cemeteries—Monumental Makeover—Do your ancestors’ tombstones look worse for wear?
Give them a facelift with these simple care and repair tips. By Cheryl Felix Mcclellan
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 12, no. 5, Sep 2011, pp 29-32
Cemeteries - Monuments erected to honor the Pilgrim dead
“The Mayflower Quarterly,” Vol. 73, No. 3, September 2007, pp 240-242
Cemeteries – NamesInStone – Virtual Memorial: Names In Stone – Lisa A. Alzo explores a new
cemetery mapping site. www.namesinstone.com
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol. 4, No. 1, April/May 2009, p 39
Cemeteries—National Cemeteries—National (Military) cemeteries are maintained by either the US
Dept of Veteran Affairs, The Dept of the Army or the National Park Service, and contain the
graves of veterans and their spouses, and other US military personnel. See
http://gravelocator.cem.va.gov
Cemeteries – National Cemeteries Burial Index—3.2 million Veterans burials at national and
private cemeteries and a map of cemetery is dsplayed
http://gravelocator.cem.va.gov/j2ee/servlet/NGL_v1
Cemetery records
Cemeteries - On the Road to Genealogy Using Reflected Sunlight to Photograph Headstone Inscriptions by Dennis M. Ridenour, Eugene, Oregon
“NGS Newsmagazine,” Vol. 28, No. 2, Mar/Apr 2002, pp 97-98
Cemeteries—Public Cemeteries—Public cemeteries are owned and maintained by the town, and local
taxpayers typically pay for their upkeep. These cemeteries range greatly in terms of size, and
often grow as the need for additional burial plots increase. Unfortunately, historic cemeteries
are sometimes abandoned, or no longer maintained, due to a lack of funding. Burial records for
public cemeteries are usually archived at the town clerk’s office, county courthouse or with the
cemetery’s sexton.
For citizens possessed of quite different sensibilities, the graveyard was a continual source of discontentment until the introduction of a cemeterial form more suited to their values. That form, which emerged on September 24, 1830, with the consecration of Boston's Mount Auburn Cemetery, signaled the emanation of a radically different kind of cemetery. Rather than a churchyard filled with graves, this new gravescape would be a place from which the living would be able to derive pleasure, emotional satisfaction, and instruction on how best to live life in harmony with art and nature.
Judging from the rapid emergence of rural cemeteries subsequent to the establishment of Mount Auburn, as well as Mount Auburn's immediate popularity, this new cemeterial form quickly lived up to its advocates' expectations. Within a matter of months travelers from near and far began to make "pilgrimages to the Athens of New England, solely to see the realization of their long cherished dream of a resting place for the dead, at once sacred from profanation, dear to the memory, and captivating to the imagination" (Downing 1974, p. 154). Part of the reason for Mount Auburn's immediate popularity was its novelty. Yet Mount Auburn remained remarkably popular throughout the nineteenth century and continues to attract a large number of visitors into the twenty-first century.
Moreover, within a few short years rural cemeteries had become the dominant gravescape, and seemingly every rural cemetery fostered one or more guidebooks, each of which provided prospective visitors with a detailed description of the cemetery and a walking tour designed to conduct visitors along the most informative and beautiful areas. "In their mid-century heyday, before the creation of public parks," as the scholar Blanche Linden-Ward has observed, "these green pastoral places also functioned as 'pleasure grounds' for the general public" (Linden-Ward 1989, p. 293). Mount Auburn "presented [and still presents] visitors with a programmed sequence of sensory experiences, primarily visual, intended to elicit specific emotions, especially the so-called pleasures of melancholy that particularly appealed to contemporary romantic sensibilities" (p. 295).
The owners of rural cemeteries played a significant role in the effort to capture the hearts and imaginations of visitors insofar as they sought to ensure that visitors would encounter nature's many splendors. They accomplished this not only by taking great care to select sites that would engender just such sentiments but also by purchasing and importing wide varieties of exotic shrubs, bushes, flowers, and trees. Both from within the grave-scape and from a distance, rural cemeteries thus frequently appear to be lush, albeit carefully constructed, nature preserves.
Promoting a love of nature, however, was only a portion of what patrons sought to accomplish in their new gravescape. "The true secret of the attraction," America's preeminent nineteenth-century landscape architect Andrew Jackson Downing insisted, lies not only "in the natural beauty of the sites," but also "in the tasteful and harmonious embellishment of these sites by art." Thus, "a visit to one of these spots has the united charm of nature and art, the double wealth of rural and moral association. It awakens at the same moment, the feeling of human sympathy and the love of natural beauty, implanted in every heart" (Downing 1974, p. 155). To effect this union of nature and art, cemetery owners went to great lengths—and often enormous costs—to commission and obtain aesthetically appealing objects to adorn the cemetery and to set a standard for those wishing to erect memorials to their deceased friends and relatives.
In this way cemetery owners recommended by example that memorials were to be works of art. Even the smallest rural cemeteries suggested this much by creating, at the very least, elaborate entrance gates to greet visitors so that their cemeteries would help to create "a distinct resonance between the landscape design of the 'rural' cemetery and recurring themes in much of the literary and material culture of that era" (Linden-Ward 1989, p. 295).
Cemeteries
- “Set in Stone” History comes alive when visiting a
cemetery by Polly Hare Tafrate
“Tri-City Genealogical Society Bulletin” Vol. 45, No. 2, July 2005, pp 62-63
Cemeteries - Uprooted graves and crypts in hurricane-ravaged areas - Sharon DeBartolo Carmack
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 8, no. 3, July 2007, p 60
Cemeteries - Why are they buried there? By George G. Morgan
“Bureau County Genealogical Society Newsletter”, Vol. 17, No. 4, July/August 2006, pp 40-41
Cemetery records, Los Angeles City Interments, by Paula Hinkel
“The Searcher” So. Cal Gen newsletter - Autumn 2005, Vol. 42, No. 4 pp 34-43
Cemetery - A Virtual Cemetery Tour - by Janet Elaine Smith
“Everton’s Genealogical Helper,” vol. 60, no. 5, Sept/Oct 2006, pp 75-79
Cemetery Markers - see Gravestones - see Tombstones
Cemetery—Milford, Massachusetts—selected inscriptions from St. Mary’s Catholic Cemetery,
giving exact place of origin in Ireland.
“NEHGS NEXUS,” vol. IX, no. 6, Dec 1992, pp 200-201
Cemetery Transcription form—record information from family tombstones
(Reference desk has genealogy forms available for you to copy)
Cemetery – see also Graveyards, Gravestones & Tombstones
Cemetery - web site - www.findagrave.com
Cemetery - Abandoned cemetery in Iredell County, NC in a gated community. What are the rights to visit. Family Tree Magazine, Vol.8, Issue 5, November 2007, p 17
Cemetery - An Old Historic Ghost Town Cemetery is Brought Back to Life - by Brad Jencks
How the Bingham City Cemetery was brought back to life.
“Everton’s Genealogical Helper,” Vol. 62, No. 2, Mar/Apr 2008, pp 54-57
Cemetery – Antietam National Cemetery Payroll, 1866-67 (cemetery laborers, stone cutters,
Coping, Dr. Augustin Biggs) www.whilbr.org/AntietamCemeteryPayroll/index.aspx
Contains the Union soldiers from nearby Battle of Antietam in Sharpsburg, Maryland
History of Antietam National Cemetery :including a descriptive list of all the loyal soldiers buried therein together with the ceremonies and address on the occasion of the dedication of the grounds, September, 17th, 1867
Cemetery - Cemetery of the world and USA
• Arizona Cemetery Records http://www.accessgenealogy.com/cemetery/arizona.htm
• Cemeteries, Graveyards, Burying grounds http://www.potifos.com/cemeteries.html
• Cemeteries of the US http://www.totentanz.de/usa.htm
Dept ov Veterans Affairs - http://gravelocator.cem.va.gov/j2ee/servlet/NGL_v1
• United States Cemeteries at Cemetery Junction
http://www.daddezio.com/cemetery/junction/index.html
• US Cemetery Records http://www.accessgenealogy.com/cemetery
http://www.idreamof.com/cemetery.html
http://www.gravematter.com/ (Site for Massachusetts, Maine and New Hampshire)
Cemetery Databases - “Family Tree Magazine,” Vol.9, Issue 6, November 2008, p 67
Cemetery - Endangered Cemetery - It took a Village - A Connecticut community pitches in to rescue and endangered cemetery - by Daniel M. Lynch
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 9, Issue 3, May 2008, pp 6-7
Cemetery – Epitaphs –
Here lies cut down like unripe fruit
The wife of Deacon Amos Shute;
She died of drinking too much coffee
Anny Dominy eighteen forty
Harry Edsel Smith
Born 1913 – Died 1942
Looked up the elevator shaft
To see if the car was on the way down.
It was.
Here lies a poor woman who always was tired
For she lived in a place where help wasn’t hired
Her last words on earth were, “Dear friends I am going
Where washing ain’t done nor sweeping nor sewing
And everything there is exact to my wishes
For there they don’t eat and there’s no washing of dishes
Don’t mourn for me now, don’t mourn for me never
For I’m going to do nothing for ever and ever.”
A New York tombstone:
He got a fish bone in his throat
And then he sang an angel note.
He found a rope and picked it up.
And with it walked away.
It happened that to the other end
a horse was hitched, they say.
They took the rope and tied it up
Unto a hickory limb.
It happened that the other end
Was somehow hitched to him.
Cemetery - Genealogists never die – they just haunt cemeteries
Cemetery - Cemetery Symbols and other graveyard mysteries
http://cemeteries.wordpress.com/
Cemetery - Cemetery symbols, motifs, and their interpretation
“Virginia Appalachian Notes,” Vol. 30, No. 2, Spring 2006, p 83
Cemetery lists on line -
1. Lesni Hrbitov Cemetery: Pisek, Bohemia Province, Czech Republic
http://www.interment.net/data/czech_rep/bohemia/lesni_hrb/index.htm
2. Ostrava Cemetery: Ostrava, Moravia Province, Czech Republic
http://www.interment.net/data/czech_rep/moravia/ostrava/index.htm
3. Piney Ridge Cemetery: Gurdon, Clark County, Arkansas
http://www.interment.net/data/us/ar/clark/piney_ridge/index.htm
Cemetery lists on line - The Best Grave Sites on the Internet by William Dollarhide
“Everton’s Genealogical Helper,” Vol. 61, No. 4, July/August 2007, pp 69-88
Cemetery Records—New England & New York records transcribed – specialize in the early (pre 1940) cemetery records, Revolutionary War soldier burials, and other had to find cemetery collections
Cemetery—Research—Your guide to cemetery research, by Sharon DeBartolo Carmack
Call # R 929.5072 CAR 2002
Book is part of the Pomona City Library genealogical collection
Cemetery—Stonehenge served as a burial ground for much longer than had previously been
believed, new research suggests.
“Keyhole,” Vol. 37, No. 4, October 2008, fall issue, pp 159-160
Cemetery - Tombstone images by Kathleen Shanahan Maca (Messages from the Dead)
“Family Chronicle,” Vol 11, No. 4, March/April 2007, pp 13-15
Cemetery—Tombstone images –
Gravestones photo list
Take shot of cemetery entrance
Take shot of whole cemetery
Take shot of stones of interest, with nearby stones
Take shot of the whole gravestone, showing the inscriptions & carving
Take close-up shot of the inscriptions & carving
Creative shots—for tips see the Field Guide of Photographing Gravestones by Daniel & Jessie Farber (Association for Gravestone Studies). You can see their images at www.davidrumsey.com/farber
Cemetery - Written in Stone by Heather Jones DeGeorge (Tombstones should be treated just like any other source of information: the source should be assessed for the reliability of its information; and you can not make gross assumptions.)
“NGS Newsmagazine,” Vol 28, No. 1, Jan/Feb 2002, pp 22-24
Cemetery—Yorktown National Cemetery, Virginia –individuals from New York units buried in the
Cemetery
“Tree Talks.” vol. 32, no. 2, June 1992, pp 67-73
“Tree Talks.” vol. 32, no. 3, Sept 1992, pp 135-136
Cemetery—see also Gravestones & Tombstones
Census Abbreviations
A aunt SiL Sister-in-law
AdD adopted daughter SL Son-in-law
AdS adopted son SM Stepmother
At attendant SML Stepmother-in-law
B brother SS Stepson
BL brother-in-law SSi Stepsister
Bo boarder SSiL Stepsister-in-law
C cousin SSL Stepson-in-law
D daughter Su Superintendent
DL daughter-in-law U uncle
F father W wife
FB foster brother Wa Warden
FF foster father
FL father-in-law
FM foster mother
FSi foster sister
GA great aunt
GD granddaughter
GF grandfather
GGF great grandfather
GGM great grandmother
GGGF great great grandfather
GGGM great great grandmother
GM grandmother
GNi grandniece
GS grandson
GU great uncle
Hh hired hand
I inmate
L lodger
M mother
ML mother-in-law
N nephew
Ni niece
Nu nurse
O officer
P patient
Pr prisoner
Pri principal
Pu pupil
R roomer
S son
SB stepbrother
SBL stepbrother-in-law
Si sister
Census - search engine to access census records
Census—Learning about the census: Why it matters to beginners (Getting Started) Donna Potter
Philips looks at the basics of an important generalogical resource. Understanding about a
resource whould be the first step to effectively using that resource
“Family Chronicle,” vol. 15, no 6, Jul/Aug 2011, pp 13-14
Census - Links to Online Census Records
The web's largest directory of links to online census transcriptions!
This directory includes links to federal censuses and indexes, state and territorial censuses, tax lists, voter lists, military pensioner lists, Sondex converters and calculating a family’s birth years by plugging in the census year and ages, etc.
Census - Spreadsheets - Over 40 Census Spreadsheets (FREE) - U.S.; Canada; England; Ireland; Scotland; and 8 different states (Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Wisconsin
Census - Agricultural Schedules - see Agricultural Schedules
Census - Agricultural Census Records - Donna Murray Allen plows her way through old agricultural census records.
“Family Chronicle” July/August 2003, p 16
Census - Agriculture Census Records - Products of Industry & Mfg - Occupations in our Family tub - by Patricia Walls Stamm, CG, CGL
“NGS NewsMagazine” Jan/Feb/Mar 2006 pp 12-15
Census - Are your Ancestors hiding in the 20th-century census? By Jeffrey A. Bockman
“Heritage Quest Magazine,” Vol. 18, No. 2, Issue 98, pp 30-37
Census - Backing up the facts with the Census by Janet Elaine Smith
“Heritage Quest Magazine,” Vol. 18, No. 2, Issue 98, pp 24-28
Census - Book Review - Your guide to the federal census for genealogists, researchers, and family historians / Kathleen W. Hinckley.
Book
is part of the Pomona
City Library genealogical collection
R 317.3 HIN 2002
Census research is one of the 1st and most important steps in constructing a family tree. It can provide you with an extraordinary amount of family history data, including names, addresses, places of birth, race, land ownership, military service, and more. Deciphering this data, however, can be a challenge. Kathleen W. Hinckley, shows you how to use the federal census to document families, communities, and social histories with confidence.
Your will find:
1. Step-by-step instructions for finding the census records and indexes you want.
2. Details about information each census records, from 1790 though 1930–the most recent census records available.
3. Special procedures for obtaining census information collected from 1940 through 2000.
4. Guidelines for working with non-population schedules, including agriculture, industry and manufacturing, mortality, social statistics, veteran, and dependent classes.
5. Guidelines for researching those hard-to-trace populations, including slaves, nuns, monks, military personnel, Native Americans, and more.
6. Advice for coping with census irregularities.
7. Case studies, appendixes, and a glossary of census terms that make recording and organizing data easier.
Census – Book Review -- State Census Records (Hardcover) by Ann S. Lainhart
Book is part of the Pomona
City Library genealogical
Collection R 929.3 LAI
State censuses rank with federal censuses as a major genealogical resource, but, because they were taken randomly, remain a much under-utilized resource in American genealogy. State censuses not only stand as substitutes for some of the missing 1790, 1800, 1810, and 1890 censuses (as well as many county and statewide enumerations lost or destroyed between 1790 and 1890) but also as valuable population enumerations in their own right. Many state censuses, for example, asked different questions than the federal census, so they record information that cannot be found elsewhere in federal schedules.
Ann Lainhart's inventory of state census records is the first comprehensive list of state census records ever published. State by state, year by year, often county by county and district by district, she shows the researcher what is available in state census records, when it is available, and what one might expect to find in the way of data. In this way Ms. Lainhart has removed one of the last uncharted territories in American genealogy, opening up a range of fresh opportunities for the researcher.
Census - pre-1850 censuses - census secrets - by James M. Beidler
“Family Tree Magazine” January 2006 Genealogy Guidebook, pp 42-45
Census – Pre-1850 censuses – Tracking a household in the Pre-1850 US Federal Censuses –
Michael Hait shows how he traced family in the heads-of-household censuses
“Family Chronicle,” Vol. 12, No. 5, May/June 2008, pp 18-21
Census – 1850 – 1850 census secrets http://www.martygrant.com/gen/refs/1850.htm
Census - 1860 - Finding the Location of Someone Whose Exact Address is not Shown in the 1860 Federal Census - by Edward David Luft
“Forum” Vol. 19, No. 1, Spring 2007, pp 8-9
Census - 1880 - 1880 Census by Sandra H. Luebking, Western Springs, Illinois
“Forum” Vol. 19, No. 1, Spring 2007, p 10
Census - 1880 Census - Secrets of the 1880 Census
Everton’s Genealogical Helper, Vol. 60, No. 4, July/Aug 2006, pp 12-18
Census—1890 Census—Substitutes for the 1890 census
“NGS NewsMagazine,” vol. 33, no. 4, Oct-Dec 2007, pp 23-26
Census - 1900 Census Soundex - by Kathi Sittner
“Ancestry,” Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan/Feb 1994, pp 26-27
Census - 1910 Census Records - The beginnings of 20th century research - Kory L. Meyerink
“Heritage Quest Magazine,” Vol. 18, No. 2, Issue 98, pp 16-23
Census - 1930 Census Records - Beverly Smith Vorpahl spends time with her family – as it was 73 years ago - “Family Chronicle” July/August 2003, pp 23-24
Census - 1930 Census Records - Enumerating the Population in 1930 - Leland K. Meitzler
“Heritage Quest Magazine,” Vol. 18, No. 2, Issue 98, pp 8-15
Census - 1930 Census Records - “SP” Leads to Discovery - Spanish-American War
FGS Forum, Vol. 18, No. 3, Fall 2006, pp 11-13
Census—1940 Census Records—Determine the Enumeration District (ED)
www.stevenmorse.com/ once there scroll down to Census and read the 1940 Tutorial Quiz
and other links to help you make the determination of the ED
Census - Canadian census - Free Canadian census web sites
“Family Chronicle” March/April 2006, p 59
Census – European census records online – Leslie Albrecht Huber shows you where to look for
European records.
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol. 4, No. 5, December/January 2010, pp 16-19
Census - US Census Bureau’s Census of populations and housing
http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/decennial/index.htm
Census - Census Lessons from the Rich & Famous by Michael John Neill
Everton’s Genealogical Helper, Vol. 60 No. 6, Nov/Dec 2006 pp 67-70
Census - Census Records - Research Techniques - My Favorite Sources - Donna Potter Phillips shares her personal experiences with a variety of record types.
“Family Chronicle” November/December 2003, pp 17-20
Census - Census Records - Searching for that Elusive Ancestor in the US Census, Leslie Albrecht Huber gives some tips on locating that hard-to-find relative
“Family Chronicle” March/April 2006, p 48
Census - Census Records - Exploiting US Census Records Part I - by Mary Beth Fay
“Forum” FGS quarterly, Fall 2001, Volume 13, Number 3, pp 5-10
Census - Census Records - Locating Your Ancestors in the U.S. Federal Census - by Christine Crawford-Oppenheimer
Everton’s Genealogical Helper, Vol. 60, No. 2, March/April 2006, pp 11-20
Census - Census Records - Find them in the Census Records using automatic record-linkage techniques, by John Lawson, Ph.D.
Everton’s Genealogical Helper, Vol. 60, No. 4, July/Aug 2006, pp 121-128
Census - Combing the Census - by Gary M. Smith & Diana Crisman Smith
“NGS NewsMagazine” Vol. 32, No. 3, Jul/Aug/Sep 2006, pp 44-47
Census - The Census Day - The Census day and time to collect the information
Desert Diggings, Vol. 25, Issue 1, January 2005, p 7
Census—Defective, Dependent & Delinquent Schedules—only appeared in the 1880 US Census.
They recorded people classified as insane, idiot, deaf-mute, blind, homeless, or imprisoned,
sometimes with detailed comments about their “condition.”
Census—Extravaganza—learn how to make the most of yesteryear’s enumerations in your research.
This special section offers the know-how you need to find your ancestors.
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 11, issue 3, May 2010, pp 16-31
Census - Forgotten Census of 1880 - “Supplemental Schedules, 1-7: Defective, Dependent and Delinquent Classes -
“The Searcher” So. Cal Gen newsletter - May/Jun 2003, Vol. 40, No. 3, p 134
Census - How to read between the lines of the census - Janice Nickerson shows you how to kick start your stalled research
“Family Chronicle”, Vol. 12, No. 2, Nov/Dec 2007, p 41
Census - Manufacturers Schedules - from Musings Gleanings by Richard L. Hooverson
Everton’s Genealogical Helper, Vol. 61, No. 3, May/June 2007, p 12
Census - Maps – www.familyhistory101.com/map_census.html
Shows the existing counties for each of the censuses relevant to that state
Census – Mortality Schedules – http://mortalityschedules.com/p.htm
Census-- MortalitySchedules—If your ancestor died within the 12 months preceding the 1850, 1860, 1870,
or 1880 census, you won’t find him or her in the regular enumeration—but you may find the
dearly departed in this free site, which searches those “mortality schedules.”
http://www.mortalityschedules.com/
Census – Non-Population Options – by Jana Sloan Broglin
“Ancestry,” Vol. 27, No. 4, Jul/Aug 2009, p 59
Census – Non-Population Options - Other Census Records - by Curt Witcher
Agriculture Schedules Manufacturers Schedules
Mortality Schedules Slave Schedules
Social Statistics Schedules Dependent, Defective & Delinquent Schedules
General Research
“Forum” FGS quarterly, Fall 2004, Volume 16, Number 3, pp 30-32
Census - Census Records - Other Census Records - The United States Direct Tax of 1798:
The first direct federal tax, levied in 1798 was on real property and slaves. It consisted of several schedules: one for each type of property taxed.
List A - covered dwellings and out-buildings valued greater than $100, but covering 2 acres or less.
List B - covered lands, lots, wharves, and buildings not covered by List A.
Both List A & B generally contained the name of the occupant, the name of the owner, and a description of the property taxed.
List C - shows the foreman or owner slaves, the total number of slaves, and the numbers taxable and exempt.
Census - Exploiting U.S. Census Records - Part I by Mary Beth Fay, Colorado Springs, Colorado
“Forum” FGS quarterly, Fall 2001, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp 5-10
Census - Census Funnies by Donna Potter Phillips
“Heritage Quest Magazine,” Vol. 18, No. 2, Issue 98, pp 58-61
Census – How accurate is the census
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 11, issue 2, March 2010, pp 60-61
Census Laws-- Legal Aid—Beat your brick walls for following the law. Our guide reveals how
studying old statutes can lead to ancestor answers.
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 12, issue 5, September 2011, pp 54-57
Census - Locating Censuses Online, George G. Morgan surfs the ‘net in search of census records.
“Family Chronicle” November/December 2006, pp 23-28
Census – Making sense of the census – www.censusdiggins.com
“Family Chronicle,” Vol. 13, No. 4, March/April, p 53
Census - The ‘other’ federal population censuses - by Connie Bradbury, CG
“NGS NewsMagazine” Vol. 32, No. 3, Jul/Aug/Sep 2006, pp 48-51
Census—The ‘Other” federal censuses—Special Help—There’s more to the census than those
every-10 years counts. These “extra” censuses of 9 select populations may have just the
ancestor answers you need. By Sharon Debartolo Carmack
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 10, issue 4, July 2009, pp 21-27
Census Research Tactics - Try these 6 tactics to conquer the challengers of census research. By David A. Fryxell
“Family Tree Magazine” Vol. 8, Issue 2, May 2007, pp 22-27
Census—State Censuses—State Secrets—Don’t count on federal enumerations alone for tracking your clan—follow our guide to find the clues hiding in state censuses.
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 12, issue 4, July 2011, pp 16-21
Census - State Censuses and Substitutes: A Selected List for all 50 States, by William Dollarhide.
“Everton’s Genealogical Helper,” Vol. 60, No. 4, July/Aug 2006, pp 37-67
Census - Census Records - Duplications & Other Anomalies - by Connie Bradbury, CGRS - “NGS NewsMagazine” Oct/Nov/Dec 2005, pp 38-41
Census—Census Resources—U.S. Census resources by Byron C. Bray
“NGS Newsmagazine,” vol. 28, no. 5, September/October 2002, pp 291-295, 300
Census—State Censuses—Caution 1857 Minnesota Territorial Census—The Cornwall City citizens
are all fictitious. In fact, the 1857 census records for 7 counties in southwestern Minnesota
are complete forgeries.
Names, ages and occupations were invented for imaginary residents of nonexistent towns.
Blame seems to lie mostly with land speculators who could ask a higher price for land in
thriving communities than they could for lots in the middle of the wilderness. Despite—or
because of—the massive fraud committed in the 1857 census, Minnesota achieved statehood
the next year. Apart from the 7 southwestern counties, the rest of the 1857 census of
Minnesota Territory is quite reliable, as are most state and territorial census records.
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 12, issue 4, July 2011, pp 16-21
Census Summary Chart --(Reference desk has genealogy forms available for you to copy)
Census - Using Occupation with surname and or birthplace can be powerful Census finding aid especially when the surname is common. Job Davidson, Cooper in Baltimore, Maryland, and his long lost descendants in Ohio and Indiana: Using Occupation and Birthplace as census finding aids by Helen Hinchliff, PhD., CG, FASG.
“NGSQ” June 2006, Vol.94, No. 2, pp 85-100
Census - Census Takers - Who talked to the census takers by Claire Prechtel-Kluskens
“NGS NewsMagazine” Oct/Nov/Dec 2005, pp 34-37
Census - Troubleshooting 20th-century censuses by Dawne Slater-Putt
“Heritage Quest Magazine,” Vol. 18, No. 2, Issue 98, pp 38-43
Census - Census Poem submitted by Eileen Arnold
“Desert Diggins,” Vol. 25, Issue 2, April 2005, p 7
Census – UK – 1911 UK census goes live and direct! – Diane L. Richard
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol. 4, No. 1, April/May 2009, pp 37-38
Census - US Federal Census - Getting the most from “the Rest” of the US Federal Census - Michael Hait takes a closer look at the US Federal Census
“Family Chronicle”, Vol. 12, No. 2, Nov/Dec 2007, pp 42-45
Census—US Federal Census—More than meets the eye! Michael John Neill looks at what else
you can learn from the census.
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol. 4, No. 4, October/November 2009, pp 18-21
Census - Website - Census Project - USGenWeb - Started in February, 1997, The USGenWeb Census Project is an all-volunteer project to transcribe census records in a standard format in order to make them available to genealogical researchers on the Internet.
http://www.rootsweb.com/~census/
1880 Census - www.familysearch.org - has an every name index with birth year & place, occupation, marital status, head of household’s name (with a link to that person’s entry) & father’s and mother’s birthplace.
HeritageQuest Online - www.heritagequestonline.com is through Los Angeles county libraries or Los Angeles City Library. Can view head-of-household indexes and images for 1790 to 1820, 1860, 1870, 1890 (fragments), 1900 to 1930.
Ancestry.com - $ - ancestry.com has state census records for roughly 20 states from 1792 to 1945. A subscription to this massive site’s US collections costs $19.95 a month or $155.40/yr or you can access the census collection at familysearch libraries.
Certification - What is Certification? - by David MacDonald, CQ
“NGS NewsMagazine” Jan/Feb/Mar 2006 pp 52-54
Certification - Board for Certification of Genealogists http://www.bcgcertification.org/
“Family Chronicle,” Vol.12, No. 1, Sept/Oct 2007, p 52
Chaining - “Matching Records to People” - Which Tom Smith is this? John M. Hoenig describes profiling, chaining and matriculating techniques for indentifying people tin records. Family Chronicle, May/June 2004, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp 47-48
Chancellor - Angela Merkel, New German Chancellor by Linda Stone
“German-American Genealogy” Spring 2006. pp 5-6
Chancery Court Files--“The Court of Chancery has jurisdiction to hear and determine all matters and causes in
equity. In today's practice, the litigation in the Court of Chancery consists largely of corporate matters,
trusts, estates, and other fiduciary matters, disputes involving the purchase and sale of land, questions of title
to real estate, and commercial and contractual matters in general.
Read more see”
“NGS Magazine,” vol. 36, no. 3, July-Sep 2010, pp 28-33
Charts, Genealogical - see Genealogical charts & forms
Chicago - Research at the Newberry Library - by Jan Alpert
“NGS NewsMagazine” Jan/Feb/Mar 2006 pp 58-60
Chicano Resource Center - Local Resources, East Los Angeles, Glendale, Downtown L.A. - by Beverly Mateer Taylor -
“The Searcher” So. Cal Gen newsletter - Mar/Apr 2003, Vol. 40, No. 2 pp 78-80
Children—Children learn what they live—ABC of Genealogical Parenting
“Everton’s Genealogical Helper,” vol. 53, mo. 6, Nov/Dec 1999 pp 52-55
Children-- Genealogy for Kids - The Next Generation “I Was Born to be a Genealogist” by Hailey J. Campbell
“Everton’s Genealogical Helper,” vol. 61, no. II, March/April 2007, pp 44-46
Chinese Genealogy—A forum site for Chinese genealogy related questions.
It includes links as well for Chinese related genealogy. This site is in English
though some links lead to Chinese language sites.
http://siyigenealogy.proboards.com/
Genealogy for Kids - Creating Future Genealogists Suggestions & Resources by Mindi Stevens
Everton’s Genealogical Helper, Vol. 61, No. 3, May/June 2007, pp 48-51
Christmas - Dreaming of a Green Christmas - Musings Gleanings by Richard L. Hooverson
Everton’s Genealogical Helper, Vol. 61, issue VI, Nov/Dec 2007, p 14
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers - a joint project of the Library of Congress and National Endowment for the Humanities - www.loc.gov/chroniclingamerica - free site
“Everton’s Genealogical Helper,” Vol. 61, No. 3, May/June 2007, pp 69-70
ChroniclingAmerica – Hot off the Press – finding newspapers online should now be easier
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol. 4, No. 1, April/May 2009, pp 50-51
Church Records - See also Religion
Church Records—Developing a strategy for locating church records, by Robert Allen Rowe.
“Tree Talks,” vol. 33, no. 1, March 1993, pp 5-13
Chruch Records—selecting records to find in the church records
Baptism records
Biographies of ministers
Bishops transcripts
Burial records in the church cemetery
Cemetery plot maps
Church minutes
Confirmation records
Communion lists
Marriage indexes
Ministers’ lists
Parish registers
Parish vestry books
Church Records—Questions to answer and write up, to leave behind information, that will benefit
generations years from now, so they better understand their past.
Background history of the local church you attend?
How long you’ve been a member there?
People you know in the church?
Regular activities you participate in?
What a typical service is like?
What special sacraments or ordinances have you participated in or that take place there?
A synopsis of the denomination’s beliefs?
Where the church is located and what’s near it in the neighborhood, including photos?
Church Records—Why look at church records—Amy Johnson Crow explores the why, what,
and where of church records
“NGS Newsmagazine ,” vol. 28, no. 3, May/June 2002, pp 142-144
Church Records - Family Tree Connection serves up off-the-beaten-path records you won’t find elsewhere online - by Lauren Eisenstodt - www.familytreeconnection.com/
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 6, Issue 6, December 2005, p 76
Circus – Family Circus: Look for a legend – George G. Morgan traces the amazing story of a
showbiz family
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol. 3, No. 5, January 2009, pp 22-25
Citations - Setting your cites - Stymied by source documentation? Heed these hints for entering citations in your genealogy software - by Rick Crume
Family Tree Magazine, Vol.8, Issue 5, November 2007, p 68
Citizenship—Maritime Proofs of Citizenship: The essential evidence behind Seamen’s Protection
Certificates, 1792-1875
“NGS Quarterly,” vol. 96, no. 2, June 2008, pp 139-148
City Directories - A city directory can be an outstanding resource for both genealogists and family historians. R. L. Polk published city directories for many U.S. cities starting back in the 1870s. These directories are available in public libraries in print and on microfilm and in some instances online. They have massive amounts of information in them including residential and commercial listings for each building in a given city.
The directories actually have a cross-listing of information. So you can look up a person's name and get their address or you can look up a street address and find the name of the person or business occupying that address. What's more you can also find the names of other occupants in a multi-unit building or all of the neighbors living on the same block as your ancestor. And while the U.S. census was taken only once every 10 years, city directories were for the most part published annually (many were not published during WWII). So they are very good resources for tracing residential moves in the years between censuses.
They are so much more than just an aid to locating residents and businesses.
A list of few major cities that R. L. Polk has published directories for:
Ann Arbor, MI Baltimore, MD Boston, MA
Buffalo, NY Chicago, IL Cincinnati, OH
Cleveland, OH Columbus, OH Denver, CO
Detroit, MI Grand Rapids, MI Indianapolis, IN
Kansas City, MO Memphis, TN Milwaukee, WI
Minneapolis, MN New Orleans, LA New York City, NY
Philadelphia, PA Pittsburgh, PA St. Louis, MO
St. Paul, MN San Antonio, TX San Francisco, CA
Washington, D.C.
There are many more of course.
City Directories—An Overlooked Resource!
“Family Chronicle,” vol. 14, no. 4, March/April 2010, pp 43-45
City Directories - from Musings Gleanings by Richard L. Hooverson
Everton’s Genealogical Helper, Vol. 61, No. 3, May/June 2007, p 13
City Directories - Can provide great clues - by George G. Morgan
“Questing Heirs,” Vol. 39, No 11, Nov 2006, p 85
City Directories - Common Threads in City Directories by Juliana Smith
“Tri-City Genealogical Society BULLETIN” Vol. 43, No. 3, Nov 2003, pp 39-42
City Directories - Comprehensive Directory Coverage by Paula Stuart-Warren,
WAGS Newsletter, Vol. 25, No. 1, June 2006, p 5
City Directories - Back to Basics - by Barbara McKinley
“The Searcher” January/February 2003, Vol. 40, No. 1 p 23
City Directories - Enhance Your Research with City Directories, Emily Croom directs you to an excellent resource for locating your ancestors.
“Family Chronicle” November/December 2006, pp 39-41
City Directories - How would one find and use a city directory
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 6, Issue 3, June 2005, p 21
City Directories - I love City Directories by Connie Bradbury
“NGS NewsMagazine” Vol. 31, No. 2, Apr/May/Jun 2005, pp 35-37
City Directories -- Pittsburgh City Directories -- The Historic Pittsburgh City Directories contains 125
directories published between 1815 and 1945. The majority of the directories were published by J.F.
Diffenbacher and R.L. Polk & Company. While most of the directories cover Pittsburgh and Allegheny
City, a portion includes Homestead and nearby boroughs. This collection also contains several general
business directories.
http://digital.library.pitt.edu/p/pitttextdir/
City Directories - Websites
http://www.olddirectorysearch.com/
Colorado: * Denver, Colorado 1892
Connecticut: * Stamford, Connecticut 1907
Illinois: * Chicago, Illinois 1844
Massachusetts: Monson, Massachusetts 1897
New York: * New York City, New York 1786
Ohio: * Cleveland, Ohio 1837, * Ohio City, Ohio 1837
Pennsylvania: * Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1890
Wisconsin: * Monroe, Wisconsin 1891
With links to many more
http://www.distantcousin.com/directories/
http://www.cyndislist.com/citydir.htm
http://userdb.rootsweb.com/citydir/
Directory of the City of Chicago Illinois for 1843 & 1865
Boston City Directory
Civilian Conservation Corps – see CCC
Circus – Family Circus: Look for a legend – George G. Morgan traces the amazing story of a
showbiz family
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol. 3, No. 5, January 2009, pp 22-25
Civil Registration Records in Western Europe—Leslie Albrecht Huber looks at online resources for
Western European research
“Internet Genealogy,” vol. 6, no. 2, June/July 2011, pp 31-33
Civil War, American—see Military, Civil War
Classes - Click to Learn: Free BYU Genealogy Classes - Tony Bandy looks at the online family history courses
available at Brigham Young University
“Discovering Family History,” Vol. 2, No. 2, Jul/Aug, pp 34-35
Clothes – Clothes immigrant to America wore…
“Ancestry Magazine,” vol. 27, no. 5, Sept/Oct 2009, p 20
Cloud Computing—Lisa A. Alzo discusses 10 ways to build your genealogy cloud
“Internet Genealogy,” vol.5, no. 1, April/May 2010, pp 46-48
Cloud Computing--How trends in technology will affect genealogy—by Jordan Jones—While digitization of records is the most obvious technological trend we are going through, there are several other technological trends that will increasingly affect and be influenced by genealogists.
“NGS Magazine,” vol. 36, no. 2, April-June 2010, pp 59-61
Clubs & Societies - Family Tree Connection serves up off-the-beaten-path records you won’t find elsewhere online - by Lauren Eisenstodt - www.familytreeconnection.com/
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 6, Issue 6, December 2005, p 76
Cluster Genealogy: - An essential tool for research - Emily Croom demonstrates how expanding your focus can be the key to genealogical success
“Family Chronicle,” Vol. 11, No. 4, March/April 2007, pp 42-44
Cluster Genealogy—Buddy System—Get better acquainted with your ancestors by researching their friends & neighbors. We’ll introduce you to 11 places to find them—by Lisa A. Alzo
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 12, Issue 2, March 2011, pp 54-57
Cluster Genealogy - Cluster Genealogy by Cindy Bergeron Scherwinski - some researchers refer to as whole family genealogy
“The Mayflower Quarterly,” Vol. 73, No. 2, pp 145-147
Cluster Genealogy – How important is it to research collateral relatives? –
by Emily Anne Croom
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 9, Issue 4, July 2008, p 67
Cluster Genealogy - Using Cluster Methodology to Backtrack an Ancestor: The case of John Bradberry, by William M. Litchman, PhD., CG
Perhaps the most common genealogical mistake is focusing a search too narrowly. Broadening research to include a cluster of migrating families can lead to convincing evidence of birthplace and parents.
“NGSQ,” Vol. 95, No. 2, June 2007, pp 103-116
Cluster Genealogy - see also Kinship – Collateral research
Coat-Of-Arms - see also Heraldry & Rebus
Coat-Of-Arms - Acquiring a Real Coat-of-Arms - Part 3 - Halvor Moorshead concludes his description of how he applied for – and received – his own coat-of-arms.
Family Chronicle, May/June 2004, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp 52-54
Coat-Of-Arms – understanding your family coat of arms – www.amberskyline.com
Codicil - see Wills
Cold Case Research – see Projects, Cold case research
Collateral Ancestors – [kuh-lat-tuh-ruhl] (noun) an ancestor not in the direct line of ascent, but of
the same ancestral family. Collateral line; Collateral relative
Collateral Ancestors – see also Research siblings
Collateral Relative—Research Yields Dividends
“Family Chronicle,” vol. 14, no. 4, March/April 2010, p 37
Collateral Lines -- Don’t Forget Those Collateral Lines - According to Donna J. Pointkouski, ignoring collateral lines in your research can be a mistake. You may never find the answers until you turn to your ancestors’ brothers, sisters, aunts and uncles.
“Family Chronicle,” Vol. 11, No. 6, July/August 2007, pp 43-44
Collateral Lines – Brothers & Sisters: - Lisa A. Alzo shows you how to use family connections
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol. 3, No. 6, February/March 2009, pp 42-44
College Alumni Orgasnization—Did your ancestor attend or graduate from a college or
university? If so, it’s possible that the alumni association can locate information that
you won’t find anywhere else.
Colonial Americas— Book can be found in the Genealogy Section at Pomona Public Library
Genealogy Shelf—R 929.107207 SCH
Title—Genealogical encyclopedia of the Colonial Americas: a complete digest of the
records of all the countries of the Western Hemisphere.
Until the publication of this remarkable new work, no single source could be used to identify and locate the records of the various countries of the Western Hemisphere.
Mrs. Schaefer has undertaken a systematic examination of the records to show the researcher where to find the most important genealogical records of the period and how to access them, all within the framework of a single encyclopedic volume.
Equally important, she has defined the various classes of records in each country, identified as many of them as is practicable in a book of this size, provided historical background and brief sketches of the records themselves, added a description of the principal holdings of the major repositories of each country, and has interwoven selected reading lists throughout.
The scope of the work covers the period of colonial history from the beginning of European colonization in the Western Hemisphere up to the time of the American Revolution, and the records described are the primary records used in genealogical research. However, the time line has been extended to provide more complete information in the following instances: U.S. states other than the Thirteen Colonies with records that begin prior to the Revolutionary War, until such time as they became part of the U.S. (possession, territory, state); Latin American countries, which did not declare their independence from Spain and Portugal until 1808 and later Canada through about 1841; Carribbean countries and dependencies to about 1810; The subject of slavery up to the abolition of the slave trade.
The last section of this book provides information regarding the location of colonial records in such countries as Denmark, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Scotland, Spain, and Switzerland, and at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.
"For Americans this is a valuable guide for Colonial research. It is especially useful for areas outside the U.S. where research guides are not common."
Colonial research -- Deep Roots, so your American ancestry predates US independence? We’ve got the goods on untangling family ties from Colonial days - by David A. Fryxell
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 7, Issue 1, February 2006, pp 60-66
Columbus, Georgia, Newspaper Clippings - book review
“NGSQ” - Volume 93, No. 2, June 2005, p 155-156
Company Towns – Where They Lived by Esther Yu Sumner
“Ancestry Magazine,” vol. 28, no. 1, Jan/Feb 2010, pp 42-43
Computer Aid - Boolean syntax - Super Search Secrets - Web searching to the rescue by Tara
Calishain
“Family Tree Magazine,” 2005 Guidebook Contents, January 2005, pp 6-12
Computer Aid - Browser tool - use diigo www.diigo.com for post-a-note
“Family Tree Magazine” Vol. 8, No. 3, July 2007, p 70
Computer Aid—Desktop Dilemmas—our tech maven tackles readers’ most common computer
conundrums, by Nancy Hendrickson .
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 9, issue 5, September 2008, pp 66-67
Computer Aid—Print sideways—When the print dialog box opens, there are options of printing portrait
(vertical) or landscape (horizontal. If you want to print sideways, select the landscrape setting.
Computer Aid - Working the System - by David A. Fryxell - Don’t let technical difficulties stall your genealogy progress. Use these 16 easy tips and timesavers to get in command of your computer–and speed up your family search.
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 5, Issue 5, October 2004, pp 56-61
Computer Cleanup—Want to spend your time searching for ancestors instead of files on your
computer? Organize your hard drive with these 5 easy exercises.
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 13, issue 2, Feb 2012, pp 62-67
Computer Helper - Guidance for the Digital Age - see also CD-ROM
Computer Solutions - CD burning instructions by Nancy Hendrickson
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 7, Issue 6, December 2006, p 66
Computer System Requirements - Master the mysteries of MB, Ghz, DVD & RAM or a genealogy-geared buyer’s guide explained by Rick Crume
“Family Tree Magazine,” 2005 Guidebook Contents, January 2005, pp 52-57
Computer Tech – Tutorial Backing up to an external Hard Drive
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp 64-65
Conferencing – Dimdim – www.dimdim.com
Convict Servants - see also Immigrant Servants
Cook County - Chicago - Research at the Newberry Library - by Jan Alpert
“NGS NewsMagazine” Jan/Feb/Mar 2006 pp 58-60
Condiment – Horseradish Beet Condiment – Rooted inFlavor by Melody Amsel Arieli
“Ancestry Magazine,” vol. 27, no. 5, Sept/Oct 2009, p 15
Congress - Just thinking if CON is the opposite of PRO, then is Congress the opposite of Progress
Consanguinity – ("con- (with) sanguine (blood) -ity") refers to the property of being from the same lineage as another person. In that respect, consanguinity is the quality of being descended from the same ancestor as another person. a close relation or connection
A table of relationships displays the relationships between relatives.
Consanguinity charts – see also “cousinship” & “relationship”
Confederate death and burial records—Documenting the forgotten dead—by John P. Deeben
“NGS Magazine,” vol. 36, no. 3, July-September 2010, pp 42-48
Contacting Others—To record memories and search for sources use the 3 following
contact procedure:
Personal visit is the most effective contact
Interview only one person at a time
Note taking or tape recording should be inconspicuous as possible
Litit time to 1 to 2 hours…it is better to come back
Don’d interrupt
Don’t correct the person
Don’t rush the interview
Ask sensitive questions for the end of the interview
Questions should relate to the direct line
Discuss the early years:
Places they lived
Dail activities
Holidays
Sunday activities
City or farm life style
Hobbies
School years
Discuss the adult years:
Houses lived in
Occupation
Marriage
Children
Military service
Education as an adult
Additional information added to interview
Name of the person interviewed
Date of interview
Age of person interviewed
A general summary of notes
An indication of validity and quality of information
Next best contact is the Letter:
Keep it short (one page)
Make all request specific and positive
Carefully proff read your letters
Letter should be neat – typed if possible
Leave adequate margins for notes
Be willing to pay for both time and materials (express gratitude)
Always include the return address in the body of the latter
Brief statement of why you are writing the letter.
Least best contact is a questionnaire
Used in larger survey of relatives
When writing to foreign sources write in the language of the country.
Correspondence log
Log should contain the name and address of the person to whom the letter was sent.
Include the date of the out-going letter
Describe the purpose of the letter
Enter the date the reply was received
Don’t forget a file number for any document in the log
Convict Records - see Skeletons In The Closet - Blacksheep web site - http://blacksheepancestors.com/
Cookbooks—see also Recipes & Family Recipes
Cookbooks - Feeding America: The historic American Cookbook Project - Online collection of the most important 19th and early 20th century American cookbooks, viewable as page images.
http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/browse.html
Copper Image - The Copper Image by Alice L. Luckhardt
“Everton’s Genealogical Helper,” Vol. 61, issue III, May/June 2007, pp 16-19
Copier - Copy That - Innovations and trends that shaped your ancestors’ lives by David A. Fryxell
“Family Tree Magazine” Vol. 8, No. 2, May 2007, pp 14-17
Copyright and the Public Domain - http://www.llrx.com/features/digitization2.htm
http://www.unc.edu/~unclng/public-d.htm
http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/okbooks.html The online books page frequently asked questions
Copyright and your family tree –
“Internet Genealogy,” vol.5, no. 1, April/May 2010, pp 9-10
Copyright—Copyright History & the Rights of Genealogists
“Tree Talks,” vol. 43, no. 1, March 2003, pp 3-13
Copyright - Copyright Protection - Intellectual Property issues for Genealogists by Richard Camaur
“NGS NewsMagazine” Vol. 32, No. 2, Apr/May/Jun, pp 40-43
Copyright - Publishing to the Internet by Rhonda R. McClure
“NGS Newsmagazine,” Vol. 28, No. 1, Jan/Feb 2002, pp 56-57
Coroner Case file Wiki— http://coronercasefile.pbworks.com
The Archives Service Center (ASC) at the University Pittsburgh acquired the Allegheny County
Coroner Case Files in 1982. The files document the legal and medical proceedings of untimely
and suspicious deaths from 1887 to 1973.
Coroner’s Records—Cause of Deatj: using coroner’s records to benefit your research.
“Family Chronicle,” vol. 14, no. 5, May/June 2010, pp 28-29
Coroner’s Records - Dead Men Do Tell Tales - by Ted Naanes & Loretto Dennis Szucs
“Ancestry,” Vol. 12, No. 2, March/April 1994, pp 6-11
Correspondence—When writing a letter the following things to remember:
Keep it short (one page)
Make all request specific and positive
Carefully proff read your letters
Letter should be neat – typed if possible
Leave adequate margins for notes
Be willing to pay for both time and materials (express gratitude)
Always include the return address in the body of the latter
Brief statement of why you are writing the letter.
Correspondence - “To Whom It May Concern: Genealogy Correspondence” Emily Croom poses several important questions you should ask before sending that letter.
Family Chronicle, May/June 2004, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp 44-46
Correspondence - Corresponding in a Foreign Language - by Donna J. Pointkouski - Please Mr. Postman: Writing Letters Overseas -
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol. 2, No. 2, June/July 2007, pp 48-50
Correspondence - “The Family History’s in the Mail” - William Silvester looks at the clues you can find in old postcards and letters.
“Family Chronicle,” September/October 2006, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp 44-45
Correspondence—Writing Genealogical Letters that get answers & information
“Tree Talks,” vol. 39, no. 3, September 1999, pp 131-137
Correspondence - 7 Tips for getting What you Want - J.R.Lindermuth offers some advice for getting the most from your genealogical correspondence when contacting societies.
“Family Chronicle,” Vol.12, No. 1, Sept/Oct 2007, p 54
Correspondence Log—“Family Correspondence Log”
(Reference desk has genealogy forms available for you to copy)
Log should contain the name and address of the person to whom the letter was sent.
Include the date of the out-going letter
Describe the purpose of the letter-- the subject of the letter or inquiry
Enter the date the reply was received
The status & results of the correspondence.
Don’t forget a file number for any document in the log
Correspondence Log – Maintaining a Correspondence Log—
Genealogical research still involves writing letters.
Even though there is so much information on the Internet today, you still have to see the actual
documents yourself in order to make sure of their content.
There also is no thrill like receiving a response by mail from a distant courthouse,
library or archive containing a copy of your great-grandparents' marriage license.
Correspondence Record Sheet--(Reference desk has genealogy forms available for you to copy)
Counterfeiters—Was Your Ancestor and Entrepreneur of Another Kind? Beverly Smith Vorpahl
looks at capitalists on the wrong side of the law.
“Family Chronicle,” no. 15, no. 6, Jul/Aug 2011, pp 42-44
Counties—Atlas of Historical County Boundaries (Newberry Library)
http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/
Counties - Don’t Know the County?
“Questing Heirs,” Vol. 39, No 10, Oct 2006, p 78
Counties - US Counties - Obsolete Names and Abolished Counties Reflected in the U.S. Federal Censuses, 1790-1920 and all U.S. Counties Created or Abolished Since the 1920 Census, by William Dollarhide
"Everton’s Genealogical Helper," Vol. 61, No. II, March/April 2007, pp 28-33
Counties—Untangling old county boundaries online
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 12, issue 5, Sept 2011, pp 70-71
Country House—A country house is a centuries-old institution virtually unique to Britain and Ireland.
We define a country house as a manor house, or larger, built from approximately 1500 A.D. that at
some point in its history was the country seat of a landed family that had or has an estate
(agricultural land) that served as the center for local community life and may have included
farmland, villages, or other supporting acreage. These estates range from a couple of
hundred acres to hundreds of thousands of acres and can employ hundreds of
people. (In the 18th century the term villa referred to the secondary seat of a
gentleman, and was usually applied to a compact house of five bays or less.)
http://www.dicamillocompanion.com/
County Archival Websites—Dozens of websites containing county-specific searchable databases
may be found throughout cyberspace. Most of them are hosted by volunteers and are
free. Take http://usgwarchives.net for example. This offshoot of RootsWeb contains
collections of data ranging from cemetery records to obituaries to tax lists. Click on
your state and then pick the county. You might just find an abstract of your great-
grandfather’s will, a military roster or old maps of the area. No luck? Try typing
“your county + genealogy” in your search box and see what pops up.
County - Located the county with only the city name
http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=133:1:5512888794689416504
County Boundaries – Understanding County Boundaries through Time
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol. 4, No. 4, October/November 2009, pp 22-23
County Records - Research Sources - Counties: The backbone of Genealogy - Donna Potter Phillips reveals what can be found in county records.
“Family Chronicle” March/April 2005, pp 50-57
Court—see also Chancery Court files
Court Cases-- Chancery court files: a rich resource—by Barbara Vines Little, CG—the answer to your brick wall problem may be in court papers that are folded, wrapped in paper, tied with a red string, and tucked away in metal file boxes. (Chancery (equity) versus law.
“NGS Magazine,” vol. 36, no. 3, July-September 2010, pp 28-33
Court Cases - Crime may not pay–But it Leaves Great Records - by Barbara McKinlay
“The Searcher” So. Cal Gen newsletter - May/June 2003, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp 139-140
Court Cases -- London’s central criminal court, 1674-1913 (The Proceedings of the Old Bailey)
A fully searchable edition of the largest body of texts detailing the lives of non-elite people ever published,
containing 197,745 criminal trials held at London's central criminal court.
http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/
Court Cases - Strategies for tracking criminal ancestors: by James W. Warren
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 7, Issue 1, February 2006, p 67
Court Records—Chancery Court Records
“Family Chronicle,” vol. 14, no. 4, March/April 2010, p 20
Court Records - County Court Records, a wealth of colorful detail - by Helen Schatvet Ullmann
“New England Ancestors,” Vol. 6, No. 4, Fall 2005, pp 29-30, 34
Court Records – Courthouse Gold: Essex County Court Records
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol. 4, No. 3, Aug/Sept 2009 pp 49-51
Courthouse - Indexes Illustrated
Corona Gen Soc Newsletter, Vol. 5, Issue 2, June 2006, p 8
Courthouse—Flames over the Courthouse—Leland K. Meitzler shows you what to do if you have
a “burned courthouse”
“Family Chronicle,” vol. 14, no. 5, May/June 2010, pp 35-37
Courthouse - Don’t let a burned courthouse dash your dreams of ancestral discovery. Use these secrets to rekindle your genealogical quest, by Marsha Hoffman Rising
“Family Tree Magazine” January 2006 Genealogy Guidebook, pp 22-27
Courthouse – Virtual Courthouse: County Records Online – David A. Norris shows you how to
find county records on the ‘net.
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol. 3, No. 4, Oct/Nov 2008, pp 51-53
Courthouse Research—Court Orders—Put your ancestors on the stand with our supreme guide to
courthouse records—by Sharon DeBartolo Carmack
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 9, Issue 5, September 2008, pp 42-46
Courthouse Research - Satisfaction or Frustration by Linda Haas Davenport
“Heritage Quest,” Vol. 16, No. 2, Issue 86, Mar/Apr 2000, pp 18-22
Courthouses - Research Web Site - http://www.bcpl.net/~dmg/courthouse.htm
Courting - How far would you walk for a date?
“Tri-City Gen Soc Bulletin”: Vol. 47, No. 1, Mar 2007, p 13
Courts—Federal Courts—
Final appellate U.S. Supreme Court
Intermediate appellate Circuit Court (2nd Circuit)
Trial Courts NY District Courts; Southern—Manhattan, White Plaines
Eastern—Brooklyn
Northern—Albany, Utica
Western—Buffalo, Rochester
Special Courts NY Bankruptcy, U.S.Claims, Tax, Customs & Patent, Appeals
Courts Martial, Military Appeals, Indian Claims
Courts—Valuable Ore from the Court Houses
“Tree Talk,” vol. 43, no. 2, June 2003, pp 67-77
Courtship - Book review for Better or Worse by Sharon DeBartolo Carmack - Engage yourself in 5 tales of courtship, marriage and divorce in your ancestors’ days.
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 6, Issue 6, December 2005, p 77
Cousinship – What is a 2nd cousin twice removed? This and other cousin relationships are
Explained at -- http://blog.eogn.com/eastmans_online_genealogy/2008/02/what-is-second.html
Cowboys, Ranchers and the Wild West— http://www.cyndislist.com/cowboys
See also 1. Western history & genealogy 2. Migration trails 3. Western Trails
Cozi—free online organizer for families www.cozi.com
“Internet Genealogy,” vol.5, no. 1, April/May 2010, p 54
Creole - What is Certified Creole? By Janet Ravare Colson
“The Searcher” So. Cal. Gen Newsletter - Spring 2007, Vol. 44, No.2, p 74
“Creeks don’t rise” - Saying “We’ll be there in the spring, the good Lord willing and the creeks don’t rise” - This was spoken in colonial Georgia and had nothing to do with rushing water. It referred to the hope that the Creek Indians didn’t rise up against the settlers.
Criminal Records – Usual Suspects – If your ancestor strayed to the wrong side of the law, we’ll help you conduct a genealogical investigation into a bounty of criminal records – by David A. Fryxell
on – Innovations and trends that shaped your ancestors’ lives by David A. Fryxell
“Family Tree Magazine,” Vol. 10, Issue 6, Nov 2009, pp 28-32
Criminal Records—Wanted! US Criminal Records—Donna Potter Phillips reviews Ron Acrons’
new book on American criminal records.
“Family Chroncile,” vol. 15, no. 1, September/October 2010, p 10
Criminals - see Skeletons In The Closet
Check out also Blacksheep web site - http://blacksheepancestors.com/
Cuban Papers—Documents covering primarily the modern-day states of Florida, Alabama,
Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, and Illinois and a number of documents
concerning South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Indiana, Kentucky and Texas.
“NGS Magazine,” vol. 35, no. 2, April/June 2009, pp 43-47
Cuil – A “Cuil” Search Engine to utilize genealogy research
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol. 4, No. 4, October/November 2009, pp 52-53
Cultural groups—There is an ethnic heritage organization for just about every cultural
group—Irish, Latino, Greek, Asian, Slovak, you name it.
Cultural Roots—Culture Clubs—Think your family lacks ethnic identity? Heritage
organizations can help you get in touch with your cultural roots.
“Family Tree Magazine,” vol. 12, issue 6, Nov 2011, pp 28-32
Cultural Traits - Research Techniques - Federal Records of Your Immigrant Ancestor - John Philip Colletta, Ph.D., offers an Italian-American example of what cultural details can be found in federal records.
“Family Chronicle” November/December 2003, pp 9-13
Culture 1878 - How they live in Paris by Bishop Thomas Bowman
“German-American Genealogy” Spring 2006. pp 14-15, 20
Culture—Adapting to a New Culture by Jean Wilcox Hibben PhD
“The Searcher,” So. Cal. Gen. Newsletter—spring 2009, vol. 46, no. 2, pp 20-24
Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet http://www.CyndisList.com
Author: Cyndi Howells - Over 30,650 links to genealogy sites, categorized & cross-referenced, in over 90 categories
Cyndi’s List - Cindy Thomson looks at one of the cornerstones of genealogy research - Checking the (Cydni’s) list
“Internet Genealogy,” Vol.2, No. 6, February/March 2008, p 36